{"term":{"id":"13051","title":"co-stimulation","longtitle":"IUPAC Gold Book - co-stimulation","doi":"10.1351\/goldbook.13051","code":"13051","status":"current","definitions":[{"id":1,"text":"Delivery of a second signal, in addition to that of antigen binding or antigen presentation, that is required for lymphocyte proliferation.","notes":{"1":"Co-stimulatory signals are delivered to T cells by the co-stimulatory molecules, B7.1 and B7.2, related molecules (see B7 molecule) that are expressed on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell (APC), and which bind the T-cell surface molecule CD28.","2":"B cells may receive co-stimulatory signals from common pathogen components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), from complement fragments, or from CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed on the surface of an activated antigen-specific helper T lymphocyte (Th)."},"links":[{"term":"B cells","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/12937"},{"term":"B7 molecule","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/12933"},{"term":"CD40 ligand","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/12981"},{"term":"T cells","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/13724"},{"term":"antigen presentation","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/12887"},{"term":"antigen-presenting cell (APC)","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/12888"},{"term":"helper T lymphocyte (Th)","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/13199"},{"term":"lymphocyte","url":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/13399"}],"sources":["PAC, 2012, 84, 1113. 'IUPAC glossary of terms used in immunotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)' on page 1150 (https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1351\/PAC-REC-11-06-03)"]}],"altoutputs":{"html":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/13051\/html","xml":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/13051\/xml","plain":"https:\/\/goldbook.iupac.org\/terms\/view\/13051\/plain"},"citation":"Citation: 'co-stimulation' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351\/goldbook.13051","license":"The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/) for individual terms.","collection":"If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org .","disclaimer":"The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using.","accessed":"2026-05-14T14:55:12+00:00"}}