14630 IUPAC Gold Book - emergent properties 10.1351/goldbook.14630 14630 current 1 New properties emerging with upward steps in hierarchical systems, such as ecological communities or ecosystems, that cannot be predicted solely from our limited understanding of the system’s parts or components. Such properties arise during the self-organization of complex systems and are the product of the evolution of these systems. communities https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/14531 ecosystems https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/14619 PAC, 2009, 81, 829. 'Glossary of terms used in ecotoxicology (IUPAC Recommendations 2009)' on page 875 (https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-08-07-09) https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/14630/html https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/14630/json https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/14630/plain Citation: 'emergent properties' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.14630 The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) for individual terms. If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org . The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using. 2026-07-23T14:03:08+00:00