01420 IUPAC Gold Book - crowding 10.1351/goldbook.C01420 C01420 current 1 The displacement of an impurity from an extract phase by contact with a solution containing the main extractable solute. The main solute need not be present in a pure solution but should have a higher distribution ratio than the impurities present. exchange extraction https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/E02239 scrubbing https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/S05511 PAC, 1993, 65, 2373. 'Nomenclature for liquid-liquid distribution (solvent extraction) (IUPAC Recommendations 1993)' on page 2386 (https://doi.org/10.1351/pac199365112373) https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01420/html https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01420/json https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/C01420/plain Citation: 'crowding' in IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 2025. Online version 5.0.0, 2025. 10.1351/goldbook.C01420 The IUPAC Gold Book is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) for individual terms. If you are interested in licensing the Gold Book for commercial use, please contact the IUPAC Executive Director at executivedirector@iupac.org . The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is continuously reviewing and, where needed, updating terms in the Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the IUPAC Gold Book). Users of these terms are encouraged to include the version of a term with its use and to check regularly for updates to term definitions that you are using. 2026-06-28T14:03:18+00:00