An electronic transition described approximately as promotion of an electron from a 'bonding' orbital to a Rydberg orbital. Spectral bands corresponding to Rydberg transitions approximately fit the Rydberg formula: \[\sigma = I - \frac{R}{(n\,-\,\mathit{\Delta })^{2}}\] where \(\sigma \) is the wavenumber, \(I\) the ionization potential of the atom or molecular entity, \(n\) a principal quantum number, \(R\) the Rydberg constant, and \(\mathit{\Delta}\) the quantum defect which differentiates between s, p, d, etc., orbitals. The notation used is, e.g. \(\pi \rightarrow \mathrm{ns}\).